Month: July 2021

File storage Computers have been used since the 1950s for the storage and processing of data. An important point to note is that the main memory of a computer provides…

The allocation of system resources to various tasks, known as job scheduling, is a major assignment of the operating system. The system maintains prioritized queues of jobs waiting for CPU…

Development of operating systems In early computers, the user typed programs onto punched tape or cards, from which they were read into the computer. The computer subsequently assembled or compiled…

Early languages Programming languages are the languages in which a programmer writes the instructions that the computer will ultimately execute. The earliest programming languages were assembly languages, not far removed…

Computer programs, the software that is becoming an ever-larger part of the computer system, are growing more and more complicated, requiring teams of programmers and years of effort to develop.…

Multiprocessor design Creating a multiprocessor from a number of uniprocessors (one CPU) requires physical links and a mechanism for communication among the processors so that they may operate in parallel.…

The operation of such a computer, once a program and some data have been loaded into RAM, is as follows. The first instruction is transferred from RAM into the control…

A digital computer (see also analog computer) typically consists of a control unit, an arithmetic-logic unit, a memory unit, and input/output units, as illustrated in the figure. The arithmetic-logic unit…

Computer science as an independent discipline dates to only about 1960, although the electronic digital computer that is the object of its study was invented some two decades earlier. The…

Introduction HILI subcommittee (IEEE802.1) of the IEEE identified the following possible internetworking scenarios. ·         A single LAN ·         Two LANs connected together (LAN-LAN) ·         A LAN connected to a WAN (LAN-WAN) ·         Two LANs…