Posts by admin

categories are an important aspect of general knowledge reasoning strict kind categories - an object is a triangle iff it is a polygon with 3 sidesnatural kind categories - have no clear cut…

ontological engineering - representing abstract concepts (e.g. actions, time, physical objects, and beliefsupper ontology - a general framework of concepts have to handle exceptions and uncertainty 2 major characteristics of general-purpose ontologies…

Humans are best at understanding, reasoning, and interpreting knowledge. Human knows things, which is knowledge and as per their knowledge they perform various actions in the real world. But how machines…

Resolution is a theorem proving technique that proceeds by building refutation proofs, i.e., proofs by contradictions. It was invented by a Mathematician John Alan Robinson in the year 1965. Resolution…

In artificial intelligence, forward and backward chaining is one of the important topics, but before understanding forward and backward chaining lets first understand that from where these two terms came.…

Unification is a process of making two different logical atomic expressions identical by finding a substitution. Unification depends on the substitution process. It takes two literals as input and makes…

Introduction : Prolog is a logic programming language. It has important role in artificial intelligence. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language. In prolog, logic…

In the topic of Propositional logic, we have seen that how to represent statements using propositional logic. But unfortunately, in propositional logic, we can only represent the facts, which are…

Alpha-beta pruning is a modified version of the minimax algorithm. It is an optimization technique for the minimax algorithm. As we have seen in the minimax search algorithm that the…