The preceding sections of this article give some idea of the pervasiveness of computer technology…

The mathematical methods needed for computations in engineering and the sciences must be transformed from…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of research that goes back to the very beginnings…

File systems of varying degrees of sophistication satisfied the need for information storage and processing…

File storage Computers have been used since the 1950s for the storage and processing of…

The allocation of system resources to various tasks, known as job scheduling, is a major…

Development of operating systems In early computers, the user typed programs onto punched tape or…

Early languages Programming languages are the languages in which a programmer writes the instructions that…

Computer programs, the software that is becoming an ever-larger part of the computer system, are…

Multiprocessor design Creating a multiprocessor from a number of uniprocessors (one CPU) requires physical links…