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FDDI provides a number of fault-tolerant features. In particular, FDDI's dual-ring environment, the implementation of the optical bypass switch, and dual-homing support make FDDI a resilient media technology. Dual Ring…

Token BUS: A Brief History Although Ethernet was widely used in the offices, but people interested in factory automation did not like it because of the probabilistic MAC layer protocol.…

Introduction In the preceding lesson we have mentioned that for the fulfilment of different goals, the IEEE 802 committee came up with a bunch of LAN standards collectively known as…

Ethernet - A Brief History The original Ethernet was developed as an experimental coaxial cable network in the 1970s by Xerox Corporation to operate with a data rate of 3…

Introduction A LAN consists of shared transmission medium and a set of hardware and software for interfacing devices to the medium and regulating the ordering access to the medium. These…

Introduction Topology refers to the way in which the network of computers is connected. Each topology is suited to specific tasks and has its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice…

Introduction Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is an International Telecommunication Union Telecommunications Standards Section (ITU-T) standard for cell relay wherein information for multiple service types, such as voice, video, or data,…

Introduction Frame Relay is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates at the physical and data link layers of the OSI reference model. Frame Relay originally was designed for use across…

Special Instructional Objective On completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: ·         State the key features of X.25 ·         Explain the frame format of X.25 ·         Specify the function of…

Three basic devices used in the SONET system are shown in Fig. 4.3.1. Functions of the three devices are mentioned below: ·         Synchronous Transport Signal (STS) multiplexer/demultiplexer: It either multiplexes signal…