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information extraction (IE), information retrieval (IR) is the task of automatically extracting structured information from unstructured and/or semi-structured machine-readable documents and other electronically represented sources. In most of the cases this activity concerns processing human…

Language modeling (LM) is the use of various statistical and probabilistic techniques to determine the probability of a given sequence of words occurring in a sentence. Language models analyze bodies…

What is Argumentation? Arguing with Others “A verbal and social activity of reason aimed at increasing (or decreasing) the acceptability of a controversial standpoint for the listener or reader, by…

Bargaining is a simple form of the distributive negotiation process that is both competitive and positional. Bargaining doesn’t seek to create value but instead focuses on negotiators claiming value.Bargaining very…

Communication is necessary in order to allow collaboration, negotiation, cooperation, etc… between independent entities. For this purpose, it requires a well-defined, agreed and commonly understood semantics. Therefore, there cannot be…

inferences drawn by the knowledge representation system will have only default status, rather than being absolutely certain. Inevitably, some of these inferred "facts" will turn out to be wrong and…

2 examples that violate the monotonicity property of logic (and thus are non-monotonic): semantic networks we saw that property inherited by all members of a category in a semantic network could be overridden…

2 families of systems designed for organizing and reasoning with categories:  semantic networks - utilizing graphs and algorithms for inferring properties of an object on the basis of its category membership…

The agents we have constructed so far have beliefs and can deduce new beliefs. Yet none of them has any knowledge about beliefs or about deduction. Knowledge about one’s own knowledge and reasoning processes…

reasoning about results of actions is central to a knowledge-based agent. propositional logic gave us an example of the wumpus world that describes how actions affect the environment. the problem…