Month: July 2021

One of the key design issues in satellite communication is how to efficiently allocate transponder channels. Uplink channel is shared by all the ground stations in the footprint of a…

VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. It was developed to make access to the satellite more affordable and without any intermediate distribution hierarchy. Most VSAT systems operate in Ku…

Back in 1945, the famous science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke suggested that a radio relay satellite in an equatorial orbit with a period of 24 h would remain stationary…

MEO satellites are positioned between two Van Allen Belts at a height of about 10,000 Km with a rotation period of 6 hours. One important example of the MEO satellites…

Introduction Microwave frequencies, which travel in straight lines, are commonly used for wideband communication. The curvature of the earth results in obstruction of the signal between two earth stations and…

The Bluetooth architecture, showing all the major layers in the Bluetooth system, are depicted in the Fig. The layers below can be considered to be different hurdles in an obstacle…

Introduction Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range radio technology, which is developed for Personal Area Network (PAN). Bluetooth is a standard developed by a group of electronics manufacturers that allows…

Introduction In the last two decades the wired version of LAN has gained wide popularity and largescale deployment. The IEEE 802.3 standard has been revised and extended every few years.…

Brief History and the IEEE 802.3z Task Force As applications increased, the demand on the network, newer, high-speed protocols such as FDDI and ATM became available. However, in the last…

This option uses two pairs of category 5 UTP or two shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable to connect a station to hub as shown in Fig. One pair is used to…